Logical Reasoning · Judgment & Verbal Logic
Making Judgments — Questions & Answers
Making judgments questions describe a situation and ask for the most reasonable judgment or response. The best answer follows from the facts given, without assuming extra information.
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How to approach
List every need the situation states (budget, health, timing, taste). Check each option against all of them. The best choice is the one that meets every need, not the one that sounds most impressive.
Check each candidate against every requirement. A candidate is ruled out only by a detail that clearly breaks a requirement; a detail that is simply not mentioned does not rule anyone out.
When several people remember something slightly differently, compare their versions one position at a time. At each position, take the letter or digit that most people agree on, then pick the version that matches all of these.
Find the cause of the problem that the situation states, then choose the action that deals with that cause directly. An action can be sensible in general and still not touch the actual problem.
5 solved Making Judgments questions
Meera is planning a birthday outing for her 70-year-old father, who has painful knees and loves Carnatic music. Which outing should she choose?
Solution — answer C
The concert matches his love of Carnatic music, and the lift and seating suit his knees. The trek is hard on his knees, and the rock concert and water park don't match his tastes.
4 steps · reveal one at a timeStep 1: Understand the person
Meera's father is 70 years old, has painful knees, and loves Carnatic music. We need to find an outing that suits both his physical needs and his interests.
Step 2: Evaluate physical comfort
His painful knees mean he needs an outing that is not physically demanding. Activities requiring extensive walking, climbing, or standing for long periods should be avoided. Look for options with good accessibility and seating.
Step 3: Consider his interests
He loves Carnatic music. This is a strong preference that should guide the choice of outing. Other activities like rock concerts or water parks might not appeal to him.
Step 4: The answer
So the answer is (C) A Carnatic music concert in a hall with lift access and reserved seats. This option perfectly matches his love for Carnatic music and provides the necessary comfort and accessibility for his painful knees.
A film director is casting a headmistress. She must be in her forties or fifties, at least 165 cm tall, with grey or greying hair and a calm voice. The casting team shortlists four actresses:
- 1: 48 years old, 168 cm, greying hair, a soft, calm voice.
- 2: 35 years old, 170 cm, black hair, a calm voice.
- 3: 52 years old, 166 cm, grey hair.
- 4: 45 years old, 158 cm, greying hair, a calm voice.
Which actresses should the director consider?
Solution — answer D
Actresses 1 and 3 meet every stated requirement; nothing is said about 3's voice, so that doesn't rule her out. Actress 2 is too young and has black hair, and actress 4 is shorter than 165 cm.
5 steps · reveal one at a timeStep 1: Understand Requirements
First, list all the director's requirements: age 40-59, height at least 165 cm, grey or greying hair, and a calm voice. We'll check each actress against these points.
Step 2: Evaluate Actress 1
Actress 1 is 48 years old (in her forties), 168 cm tall (at least 165 cm), has greying hair, and a calm voice. She meets all four requirements.
Step 3: Evaluate Actresses 2 and 4
Actress 2 is 35 (too young) and has black hair (not grey/greying). Actress 4 is 158 cm (too short, not at least 165 cm). Neither of these actresses is suitable.
Step 4: Evaluate Actress 3
Actress 3 is 52 years old (in her fifties), 166 cm tall (at least 165 cm), and has grey hair. Her voice isn't mentioned, but this doesn't disqualify her if other criteria are met.
Step 5: The answer
So the answer is (D) 1 and 3 only. Actresses 1 and 3 meet all the specified criteria for the role of headmistress.
After a scooter hits a parked car and speeds away, four shopkeepers note its number plate. What they remember:
- Anu: TN 38 AK 4721
- Babu: TN 38 AH 4721
- Chitra: TN 33 AK 4721
- Dinesh: TN 38 AK 4712
Which version is most likely correct?
Solution — answer A
At every position at least three people agree: TN, 38, AK and 4721. Babu has H instead of K, Chitra has 33, and Dinesh swapped the last two digits. So TN 38 AK 4721 is most likely correct.
5 steps · reveal one at a timeStep 1: Examine each observation
We have four different versions of the number plate. To find the most likely correct one, we'll compare what each shopkeeper remembers, segment by segment. We're looking for consistency.
Step 2: Compare segments
Let's compare the parts of the number plate. For the first part, TN, all four shopkeepers agree. For the next part, the digits 38, three out of four agree (Chitra has 33). So, 38 is most likely.
Step 3: Identify common letters and numbers
Next, for the letters AK, three out of four agree (Babu has AH). So, AK is most likely. Finally, for the last four digits, 4721, three out of four agree (Dinesh has 4712). So, 4721 is most likely.
Step 4: Combine the most likely parts
By taking the segment that the majority of shopkeepers agreed upon for each position, we can reconstruct the most probable number plate. This gives us TN, then 38, then AK, and finally 4721.
Step 5: The answer
So the answer is (A) TN 38 AK 4721. This version combines the elements that were remembered correctly by the most number of shopkeepers for each part of the plate.
A tailor's shop is known only for wedding outfits, so few people bring everyday stitching work. Which step would most increase its daily business?
Solution — answer D
The problem is that people think the shop is only for weddings; advertising everyday stitching changes that. Wedding discounts or prices, and a bigger shop, do nothing to attract everyday work.
4 steps · reveal one at a timeStep 1: Understand the Situation
The tailor's shop is known only for wedding outfits. This perception means people don't consider it for everyday stitching work. The goal is to increase its daily business by attracting more of these non-wedding jobs.
Step 2: Address the Perception
To get more everyday stitching work, the shop needs to change how people see it. Potential customers must learn that the shop offers services beyond weddings and that it's a good choice for their regular tailoring needs.
Step 3: Consider the Options
Think about which action would directly tell people that the shop does everyday work. Discounts on wedding outfits, raising wedding prices, or moving to a bigger shop don't change the perception about everyday stitching.
Step 4: The answer
So the answer is (D) Putting up a board and advertisements for quick, affordable alterations and school uniforms. This option directly addresses the problem by advertising the exact services the shop wants to attract, changing public perception.
A diabetic patient asks a dietician for snack ideas that won't raise her blood sugar sharply. Which snack should be ruled out?
Solution — answer D
Sweetened fruit juice raises blood sugar quickly, so it should be ruled out. Roasted chana, cucumber and sprouts are low-sugar snacks.
4 steps · reveal one at a timeStep 1: Understand the Goal
A diabetic patient needs snacks that won't raise blood sugar sharply. We need to identify the snack that will cause a sharp rise, as that's the one to rule out.
Step 2: Identify High-Sugar Foods
Foods rich in simple sugars or refined carbohydrates are known to raise blood sugar quickly. Snacks high in fiber, protein, or complex carbohydrates typically have a much slower impact.
Step 3: Assess Snack Choices
Consider the nature of each snack. Roasted chana, cucumber slices, and sprouts are generally low in simple sugars and often provide fiber or protein, which helps manage blood sugar.
Step 4: The answer
So the answer is (D) A large glass of fruit juice with added sugar. Fruit juice, especially with added sugar, contains a high concentration of simple sugars that will quickly elevate blood sugar levels.
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